Vectors #
Most of the material in this section was borrowed from this excellent series of Essence of Linear Algebra youtube videos
The Physics, Computer Science and Math perspective on vectors #
Coordinate systems and vector operations #
Notice the typo - its $[x_1+x_2, y_1+y_2]$
$i$ and $j$ are the basis vectors of the xy coordinate system. But these are not the only basis vectors that we can have.
Every 2D vector can be expressed as a linear combination of two vectors
Not all vectors are good choices for creating a span. For example, these two vectors cant span the 2D space - they can only span a single line. $v$ and $w$ are then called linearly dependent.
These two vectors span the full 2D space - $v$ and $w$ are then called linearly independent.
Such set of vectors that are linearly independent and span the full space are called the basis vectors of a vector space